by William C. Leikam
President, CEO & Co-founder, Urban Wildlife Research Project

What I’ve Learned About Gray Fox Behavior

Part 2 – Protecting their Pups

Very early, probably in my first complete year studying the gray foxes in the Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve, one of the gray foxes that came out of the brush and sat across the road curious about this human sitting on the opposite side of the road watching him. He had decided that I was no threat. He was a first-year adult gray fox having been born the previous April in the den just behind where he’d sit and watch me taking notes on his behavior. 

In April, 2010 he and his mate had pups. One of those pups was to be named Bold, but before then, as a newborn pup she along with her four siblings were hidden back in the natal den. One early morning as I walked down into the dip in the road that was to become known as Fox Hollow, Squat was out on the road grooming himself. I walked toward him. He turned and trotted on up the road, away from the den area. I thought it an odd behavior, but I followed as I’m sure he knew I would. He led me about 250 yards from his den before turning off and disappearing into the trees and brush. 

I wondered, “Now, why did he do that?” I pondered the question and then it dawned on me that this was April when gray foxes have their young. I realized that he had just led me away from the den because he and mama Bold had pups. “This must be what foxes do when they have a new family.” 

The Golf Course

Steve wanted to show me the red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) out at Las Lagos Golf Course along Coyote Creek. When I met him in the parking lot, I wasn’t too sure what we were going to do – something about red foxes. 

“Come on, we’ll go down here and pick up a cart.” 

He drove. We went out on the trails where the golfers rode in their carts. He said, “They’re sometimes right up here.” We came up over a rise, and there they were, right beside the road, lying there, looking at us as we passed. These were urban red foxes. 

We walked into the woods, off the beaten path, because Steve wanted to show me where the trail camera that I had loaned him had been stolen and what he thought might be the red fox’s den up on the slope. I surveyed the woods and on up the cliff. Steve and I climbed that wall of dirt until I looked down directly into a red fox’s den. I felt as though I wanted to climb down in there and check out those “rooms” below. 

“Think that’s a den?” Steve asked. 

“Yeah, sure is,” I announced. I showed him some fox paw prints and some scat. 

Once down on the trail again, we stood there chatting and watching. High on the slope, a red fox appeared not far from the den. For a brief 3 – 4 seconds, it watched us, then it dashed down the steep hillside. The red fox crashed through the dry weeds, then out onto the golf cart path.

Steve excitedly pointed. “Look, he’s going down that way, out along the fairway.” He wanted to chase after it to get some good photos out on the green.

“No, wait,” I said and as I talked, I pointed. “Look, that fox is out there, but he’ll come back into this area and most likely right over there. I’ll bet there’s an animal trail just down there.” I pointed toward the creek. I walked to where I thought there should be a critter trail and sure enough, it was no more than ten feet away. Steve came up behind me. 

I said, “Shhhhh, quiet. Watch,” I pointed, “right over there.”

In that instant, from around a bend in the trail, that red fox trotted directly at us. Stunned for an instant, the fox stood, then turned and dashed down the slope toward the creek. 

I knew where the red fox headed. “Steve, you see him going through the brush down there? He’s headed up the slope now. Just watch.” The fox ran through the brush and climbed the hill up to its den high above the creek. 

In a rush, Steve said, “Oh my God, you just outfoxed that fox. It thought…. I don’t believe it. I don’t believe what just happened.” 

“Well, those gray foxes that I’ve been documenting have taught me a thing or two,” I replied. We backtracked and I added, “I’ve seen this before. This fox wanted us to follow, wanted to lead us away from its den like a killdeer leads a person away from its nest. I knew that it would come back around and climb back to its den. It just had to make sure the kids were safe.”

And so, at certain times of the year, around and about April, one is likely to run into a situation where the male of the family will put its life on the line and lead you far from the den that you likely didn’t even know was there. 

Grey Fox General Health

Gray fox Big Eyes and Laimos died. There are no gray foxes in the Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve. However, there are a family of three red foxes that have moved into the territory. Presently, we are monitoring them.

Gray Fox, Baylands Goals

Within the permit that allows the Urban Wildlife Research Project to conduct its study of the behavior of the gray fox at the Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve, the objectives covered are:

  • Monitoring of urban gray fox Denning sites in Palo Alto Baylands.

This is being accomplished during the period when the gray foxes use a den site. It is one of the prime locations for gathering most of the behavioral data of the litter and for adults alike.

  • Assessment of status and population trends of Baylands urban gray foxes.

Since January 2019 a pair of resident gray foxes have claimed territory at the Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve.

  • Identification of habitat features that promote the presence of urban gray foxes.

The Urban Wildlife Research Project is working on a project to remove the concrete from Matadero Creek that will create linkages and corridors between the Santa Cruz Mountain Range and the Palo Alto baylands..

  • Assessment of reproductive success and identification of factors that promote successful reproduction.

Open the pinch-point along Matadero Creek by developing thickets that link one area to another, instead of the present island-like habitat.

  • Identification and assessment of possible dispersal travel routes.

Dispersal routes move between the Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve and the Shoreline region over in Mountain View. In a north-westerly direction the dispersal corridors run just behind the homes bordering the marshlands.

What's Happening at UWRP?

Be on the lookout for Bill being booked to give another talk over at Meta (Facebook). We’re working on it.

The Urban Wildlife Research Project will be present at Safari West for Earth Day on April 26th. Why not drop by our booth and say hello. 

If you or your organization would like to have Bill aka the Fox Guy present one of his four PowerPoint presentations:

1. A Year with the Urban Gray Fox

2. Human Development, Sixth Mass Extinction & Gray Foxes

3. Gray Fox Cognition – What & How Gray Foxes Perceive

4. Corridors & Connections – Sustaining the Health of Our Wildlife

Contact us here https://urbanwildliferesearchproject.org/contact/ and let us know.

Videos and Documentaries

My journey to the University of Zurich, Switzerland, Triggered By Motion

Bill’s book The Road to Fox Hollow can be purchased directly from Bill for a mere $20.00. Just email him through the Contact form on the Urban Wildlife Research Project’s website, leave your email address and he will get back to you. Or you can contact the publisher Di Angelo Publications  .

A video documentary about Bill’s work with the foxes and produced at Stanford University by Syler Peralta-Ramos.

What happens when an opossum and a red fox meet in the night?

In contrast to two other raccoon discipline videos, this one is rather mild.

Gray Fox Playfulness “Hugging” Behaviors.

See the violence of Discipline Raccoon Style.

Screenshot 2025-01-17 alle 11.01.41

“How to be a Fox” The article about Bill and his ethological approach to his study of the gray fox is online here.   Many are calling this a major article in the wildlife press.

Be Sure to check out our YouTube Channel for some incredible wildlife videos.

Read more about UWRP in the news:

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